signing a lease agreement commercial

Our modern lives are a constant stream of inputs: new tasks at work, family commitments, interesting articles to read, ideas for future projects. This information accumulates in our email inboxes, on sticky notes, in various apps, and most of all, in our heads. This mental clutter creates a persistent, low-level anxiety that we are forgetting something important. The Weekly Review is a powerful life hack designed to systematically clear this clutter. It is a scheduled, one-hour appointment with yourself at the end of each week to process, organize, and plan, allowing you to start the new week with a sense of calm, clarity, and control.

The purpose of the weekly review is to get everything out of your head and into a trusted, external system where it can be properly managed. The process can be broken down into three simple steps.

  1. Get Clear: The first step is to perform a “mind sweep.” Gather all the “open loops” and inputs that have accumulated over the past week. This means emptying your physical and digital inboxes. Go through your email, your meeting notes, your voicemail, and any notebooks or loose papers where you’ve jotted down ideas. The goal is to collect everything that has captured your attention into one place.
  2. Get Current: The second step is to process and organize everything you’ve collected. This involves reviewing your calendar for the past week and looking ahead to the next. Are there any action items from last week’s meetings that need to be added to your to-do list? Are your upcoming appointments properly scheduled and prepared for? You will review your project lists, check off completed tasks, and decide on the “next action” for any ongoing projects. This step ensures that your to-do lists and calendar are a current and accurate reflection of your reality.
  3. Get Creative: The final and most forward-looking step is to plan. With a clear and current picture of all your commitments, you can now look at the week ahead strategically. Review your short-term and long-term goals. Then, ask yourself the most important question: “What are the one to three things that I can do this week that will have the greatest impact?” These become your weekly priorities. The final action is to schedule these priorities as actual time blocks on your calendar for the upcoming week, treating them as unbreakable appointments.

By making the weekly review a non-negotiable habit, you create a powerful ritual of reflection and intentionality. It guarantees that nothing important falls through the cracks and transforms you from being a reactive victim of your week to being the proactive architect of it.

Sample Agreement for Financing

How To Write A Franchise Agreement

A Franchise Agreement PDF example is the greatest way to write your own personal franchise agreement. The downloadable format will need you step-by-step through the intricate means of writing a franchise agreement relative to all FTC standards. There are a lot these examples available online but picking out the one that is right for you will need knowing what the document should entail.

The franchise agreement is usually a binding legal contract. It is made from your franchisor as well as a franchisee and it is strictly enforced with the state level. Each state features its own laws governing franchise agreement contracts. The belongings in a franchise agreement will vary from state to state and b2b. Whether you do have a lawyer prepare your franchise agreement or build your individual from a franchise agreement Pdf, listed below are of the things that should be present in any PDF that you’re considering:

Franchisor’s Obligations – the document must explain what assistance will be provided by the franchise on the new franchisee. This includes operational assistance, advertising, site, marketing research, and programs.

The Franchisor, Affiliates and Predecessors -the document needs to show the type of the business plus a complete history on the business. It need to disclose corporate history, and mergers or acquisitions if applicable.

Business Experience – the main element personnel has to be identified and affiliates that is to be an integral part in the new franchise. This disclosure also needs to include everyone’s business experience for 5 years.

Bankruptcy – it have to be noted if your company or its officials have filed for bankruptcy. This information need to be for the previous 10 years. If so, what were situations and disposition in the filing?

Initial franchise fees – an idea of all fees to get incurred from the franchisee has to be given. This is to feature the initial price tag and how the amount of money will be used. If the franchisee will probably be able to obtain a refund when the deal fails should also be in making.

Litigation – any litigation whether civil or criminal have to be in the disclosure agreement. This is required for all officers, owner/operators, directors and also other executives.

Other Fees – full disclosure funds the franchisee is predicted to pay out, not tied to but including advertising, royalties, training, and insurance.

Initial Investment – there will probably be other costs aside from your initial franchise fee and this need to be estimated and disclosed to present the franchisee an idea with the true expense of doing business. This includes estimates for furniture, supplies, equipment, real estate investment and starting capital.

Restrictions/Obligations – in the event the franchise has any designated sources for equipment, supplies along with other services this have to be included inside franchise agreement. For instance with McDonald’s, Martin Brauer could be the only Transport Company allowed being used by its franchisees.

Franchisee’s Obligations – specific details should be included if your franchisee has got to lease or buy equipment. If you then have a designated supplier because of this you have to incorporate their information likewise.

Financing – what, if any, financing you as franchisor are extending to your franchisee. is a way for the lender to calculate money on the loan and offset the risk associated with the

Territory – describes the way the territory will likely be divided. The franchisor must allow franchisee know in the event the area is for being exclusive, and when not what retention rights does each party hold towards the territory.

Trademarks — must make clear in some recoverable format what trade names, logos, trademarks, and then other symbols registered with all the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office are solely the property with the franchise.

settlement agreement section 111a

A settlement agreement is the final chapter in a legal dispute. It is a powerful, legally binding contract that allows two or more parties to resolve their conflict out of court, trading the uncertainty and expense of litigation for a defined and final outcome. While the specific details of every settlement are unique, the structure of the agreement itself is built upon a series of critical sections, or clauses. Each section serves a distinct purpose, and together they form a legal “peace treaty” designed to end a conflict with absolute certainty. Understanding the anatomy of this document is essential for anyone looking to close the door on a legal dispute for good.

Every settlement agreement begins with a section of recitals. These are the introductory paragraphs, often starting with the word “WHEREAS…” The purpose of the recitals is to provide a brief, neutral background of the dispute. They identify the parties involved and the general nature of the disagreement without admitting any fault or liability.

For example, a recital might state: “WHEREAS, Party A and Party B entered into a services contract on January 15, 2024 (the ‘Contract’); and WHEREAS, a dispute has arisen between the parties concerning the performance of services under the Contract…” This section simply sets the stage for the resolution that is to follow.


## The Core Clauses: The Heart of the Agreement

The body of the agreement contains the substantive terms of the deal. These sections are where the specific rights and obligations of each party are meticulously laid out.

### No Admission of Liability

This is one of the most crucial and non-negotiable clauses for the party making a payment (the defendant). This section explicitly states that the act of entering into the settlement, and any payment made, is not an admission of any wrongdoing, fault, or liability. It allows the paying party to resolve the matter for practical reasons—such as avoiding the cost of a lawsuit—without legally conceding that they were in the wrong.

subject verb agreement related question

The core principle of subject-verb agreement is one of the first and most fundamental rules of English grammar. The concept is simple: a singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb. “The dog barks” (singular), and “The dogs bark” (plural). This seems straightforward, yet this single rule is the source of more grammatical errors in professional and academic writing than almost any other. The problem is rarely that a writer doesn’t know the rule; the problem is that it can be surprisingly difficult to identify the true subject of the sentence.

The key to mastering subject-verb agreement is not to memorize endless rules, but to learn to be a grammar detective. It is about learning to ask a specific set of questions to uncover the real subject that the verb must agree with. This article explores the most common related questions and traps that writers face.

The First Question: “What is the real subject of this sentence?”

The most common error occurs when the subject and verb are separated by a long string of words, particularly a prepositional phrase. These phrases act as camouflage, confusing the writer as to which noun the verb should agree with.

The trap is the prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase begins with a word like of, in, at, with, to, for, between, among, on, by, etc. The subject of a sentence is never inside one of these phrases.

  • Incorrect: The box of assorted chocolates are on the shelf.
  • Correct: The box of assorted chocolates is on the shelf.

The Question to Ask: What is actually on the shelf? Is it the chocolates? No, it is the box. The phrase “of assorted chocolates” simply describes the box. The true subject is “box” (singular), so the verb must be “is” (singular). By mentally crossing out the prepositional phrase, you can easily identify the real subject.

A similar problem occurs with sentences that begin with “There is” or “There are.” In these sentences, the subject actually comes after the verb.

  • Incorrect: There is three main reasons for this decision.
  • Correct: There are three main reasons for this decision.

The Question to Ask: What exists? “Three main reasons” (plural). Therefore, the verb must be “are.”


The Second Question: “Is this tricky subject singular or plural?”

Sometimes, the subject is not hidden, but its status as singular or plural is ambiguous. These “tricky subjects” are the second most common source of error.

The Trap: Indefinite Pronouns Words like each, every, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, someone, and somebody feel plural, but they are grammatically singular.

  • Incorrect: Everyone on the team are happy with the result.
  • Correct: Everyone on the team is happy with the result.

The Question to Ask: Does the pronoun end in “one” or “body”? If so, treat it as a single unit. “Each” of the players also takes a singular verb (“Each is…”).

The Trap: Collective Nouns Words like team, family, committee, group, staff, and audience are also tricky. They represent a group of multiple people, but the word itself is singular.

  • Correct: The committee is meeting today.
  • Correct: The staff takes a break at 10:00 AM.

In these cases, the group is acting as a single, unified entity. While there are some exceptions (for example, in British English or when the members of the group are acting as individuals), the standard rule is to treat the collective noun as singular.


The Third Question: “How is the subject joined?”

When a sentence has two subjects joined by a conjunction, the conjunction itself determines the verb form.

Joined by “and”: Two subjects joined by “and” almost always create a plural subject.

  • Correct: The manager and the designer are in a meeting. (1 + 1 = 2, so it’s plural)

Joined by “or” / “nor”: This is the classic “gotcha” question. When subjects are joined by “or” or “nor,” the verb must agree with the subject that is closest to it. This is called the “proximity rule.”

  • Correct: Neither the manager nor the employees are happy. (The verb “are” is closer to the plural subject “employees.”)
  • Correct: Neither the employees nor the manager is happy. (The verb “is” is closer to the singular subject “manager.”)

The Question to Ask: What word joins the subjects? If it’s “and,” use a plural verb. If it’s “or” or “nor,” simply look at the last subject in the list and match your verb to that one.


The Final Question: “What about the exceptions ‘I’ and ‘You’?”

The pronouns “I” and “you” are singular, but they are a special exception to the rule. They always take the plural verb form.

  • Correct: I am… (This is its own unique form.)
  • Correct: I walk… (NOT: I walks)
  • Correct: You walk… (NOT: You walks)

In the end, mastering subject-verb agreement is a sign of a careful and professional writer. It is not about memorizing a hundred different rules, but about training your brain to be a detective—to pause, identify the true subject, and ask the right questions before you commit to a verb.

These fundamental rules of grammar are a cornerstone of clear and effective writing. They are detailed extensively in almost every major English-language style guide, such as the Associated Press (AP) Stylebook and The Chicago Manual of Style, which both dedicate significant space to resolving these common grammatical questions.

States Income Tax Reciprocity Agreement With Illinois

Income tax was imposed on both non-residents and American citizens residing and working abroad by the federal government. During World War I, citizens were encouraged to volunteer for tax payments to fund the war effort. In World War II, the government enlisted Walt Disney and his iconic character, Donald Duck, to promote voluntary tax contributions.

At the federal and state levels, income is taxed progressively across four main categories: wages/salaries, business earnings, investment returns, and capital gains. With the exception of capital gains, most types of income are aggregated and taxed at consistent rates. However, for non-residents, the tax liability varies based on the nature of the income being taxed.

The obligation to file a tax return and pay taxes hinges on factors like filing status, deductions, and the amount/type of income received. There’s no age threshold or exemption based on retirement, social security, working remotely, or student status. The key consideration is the amount of taxable income.

It’s important to note that income from various sources, including savings and investments, contributes to taxable income. Determining taxable income often entails extensive calculations, regardless of one’s employment status or other circumstances.

Similarly, there are no fixed tax rates for specific occupations or demographics like retirees, students, healthcare professionals, or public servants. The applicable tax rate is contingent upon taxable income after deductions and adjustments. Tax rates and amounts fluctuate in accordance with changes in income levels.

Self Agreement Example

Empowerment through Effective Handling of Objections and Rejections

In our daily lives, objections often outweigh acceptances, underscoring the importance of mastering the skill to handle negative feedback and convert it into a constructive and empowering force. Here are five empowering techniques to effectively deal with objections (Remember them with a hearty laugh – H.A.A.A.A):

1. **Halt**

When faced with an objection, it’s crucial to pause and listen attentively. Reacting defensively and engaging in a heated argument is a big no-no. For example, if your spouse returns home and vents about a difficult day at work:

*Husband*: “I had a tough day at work, got scolded by my boss today.” (in a tired and restless tone)

*Wife*: “It must be your fault, doing something wrong.” (in an unconcerned tone)

*Husband*: “No, I did not do anything wrong.” (in an angry mode)

*Wife*: “It must be you; your boss is such a nice person.” (rebuked aggressively)

This exchange would likely escalate into an argument, straining the relationship. Hence, taking a step back, pausing, and listening first is crucial.

2. **Acknowledge**

Following the pause and attentive listening, the next step is acknowledgment. It signifies showing care and concern for the other party’s feelings. However, it’s important to note that acknowledgment does not equate to agreement. For instance, if you’re selling a mobile phone and the customer complains that your brand is too expensive, you can acknowledge by saying, “I understand. May I know which model you compared it to that you found cheaper?” Demonstrating acknowledgment also conveys your interest in the discussion.

3. **Analyze**

After acknowledgment, probe further by asking questions to better understand and analyze the other party’s needs. Once you’ve gathered all the necessary information through probing, process it to proceed to the next step.

4. **Answer**

Post thorough analysis, strategically and directly answer the questions posed by the other party, addressing their concerns and needs precisely.

North American Free Trade Agreement Certificate of Origin 2021

Understanding the areas of the North American Free Trade Agreement is invaluable should your company is manufacturing in Mexico.

Many believe NAFTA – enacted in 1994 to erode trade and investment barriers involving the United States, Mexico and Canada – makes working in Mexico duty free. While most companies shipping merchandise to some manufacturing plant in Mexico may be eligible for a tariff-free status on the products, certain customs paperwork requirements have to be met to make sure businesses are aligned with NAFTA policies.

“Not everything visiting Mexico is duty free,” notes Steve Haywood, president of FOCUS Business Solutions, Inc., a nationally licensed U.S. Customs broker agent specializing in NAFTA Customs-regulations issues. “As you recognize, Mexico has something called Sectoral Programs, also referred to as PROSEC. Materials qualified for PROSEC might be able to enter just as one import, Mexico-duty-free, or could possibly be subject to tariffs all the way to five percent.”

PROSEC was implemented with the Mexican government as an approach of overcoming challenges faced by international factories, or maquiladoras, in Mexico after NAFTA took root. The maquiladoras’ trials stemmed from NAFTA’s Article 3, which states participants cannot waive or reduce import tariffs conditioned upon the export in the finished goods to a new NAFTA country.

While PROSEC is really a measure allowing foreign or domestic producers to petition government entities for either tariff reduction or elimination irrespective of whether the finished product are going to be sold in the country or exported, it only pertains to certain sectors from the Mexican economy – including automotive, textiles and electronics.

Companies working in Mexico usually takes advantage of PROSEC with no NAFTA certificate. Still, when a business intentions to manufacture and ship products on the States for consumption, NAFTA certificates need to be secured with the raw materials used.

Businesses shipping goods back and forth from Mexico from non-NAFTA-regulated countries also could take advantage of “Regla 8” or Rule 8 – another tool provided from the Mexican government inviting imports across its border duty free. When them are shipped on the United States after assembly, however, they’re able to encounter U.S. tariffs and could not necessarily be eligible for a NAFTA treatment, Hayward suggests.

To reap NAFTA benefits, claim PROSEC status or utilize Regla 8, a firm producing goods in Mexico for shipment for the States must first file a Certificate of Origin, which states items covered with the certificate are “originating” goods as defined in NAFTA Chapter 4. For preferential tariff consideration, the certificate have to be completed through the exporter and become in the importer’s possession once the declaration is done. Incorrect or fraudulent Certificates of Origin often means penalties to the exporter should a Customs audit occur.

Free trade – or reduced-duty trade – is a useful one business. U.S. government sources cite Canada and Mexico because top two consumers of U.S. exports this season, spending $248.2 and $163.3 billion on American goods, respectively. The United States concurrently purchased $276.4 billion in Canadian products and spent $229.7 billion on Mexican imports. Moreover, bilateral trade between Mexico as well as the States has greater than quadrupled from the last 20 years.

Medical Scientists Pharmacists and Psychologists Enterprise Agreement

As the business of owning a medical practice gets to be more competitive, many practices are looking towards a third-party medical billing service for economical solutions to maintain maximum profitability. In evaluating any medical billing service agreement it has an array of factors that you should taken into consideration – pricing of services is principal one of them. This article compares the two most common pricing approaches available from medical billing services – Percentage Based Agreements and Flat Fee per Claim – and identifies several of important points to consider when selecting a medical billing company.

Percentage Based Agreements:

Probably the most frequent approach to pricing by medical billing services would be the percentage based agreement. In this kind of agreement, the medical billing service’s fees to your practice use a percentage, usually in a single form or any other of the following:

Percentage of collections,
Percentage of gross claims submitted with the billing service,
Percentage of total collections to the overall practice.

With the 1st type above, area of collections, the medical billing company charges the practice only on net received for people claims in which it has directly assisted in collections (typically excluding monies collected on the job, for instance co-pays, deductibles, etc.). This may be the purest illustration of how a portion based agreement will tie the medical billing service’s success to your practice while safely limiting it to that particular which they possess some measurable capacity to affect. This sort of percentage based agreement benefits the practice by its “self-policing” quality- the medical billing service only makes money if the practice makes money.

In our second type, number of gross claims submitted from the billing service, the practice is charged a portion of the total amount published to insurance companies along with other payers. This might be tricky for two main reasons. First, the speed billed with an insurance company isn’t necessarily the same as the negotiated rate that is to be paid. So an allegedly competitive percentage in one medical billing service is usually drastically not the same as another medical billing service based on where the percentage is applied. Second, many of the incentive already stated is removed for follow through to claims while there is no tie-in for the results of medical billing service’s submissions.

With a portion of the total collections to the overall practice, the billing service charges for your total net received through the practice. It includes co-pays, deductibles, and then for any other monies collected on the job, not just through the service. This arrangement is normally found with full-scale practice management companies who not merely handle medical billing but may also administer staffing, scheduling, marketing, fee schedule negotiations, etc. In this arrangement, the medical billing service might be driven by incentive that you follow up on claims with payers, but gains some protection to its revenues from the other types of payment getting into the practice.

Fee for renewing tenancy agreement

How long should I grant an assured shorthold tenancy agreement for?
It’s possible to grant an assured shorthold tenancy (AST) to get a fixed period, say a few months. These tenancies are termed as Fixed Term Tenancy’s. At the end of the definition of if the tenancy will not be renewed, it then gets to be a Statutory Periodic AST. The terms on the original tenancy agreement still apply, nevertheless the tenancy continues on a period of time by period basis. For instance, should the agreement required rent to become paid monthly, after that monthly Statutory Periodic Tenancy would result. The other type is termed a Contractual Periodic Tenancy where no term for that end from the let is defined and the tenancy agreement simply continues until either party elect to bring it to a end.

Fixed term tenancy agreement vs periodic tenancy agreement

I had always assumed which a fixed tenancy agreement would have been better for just a landlord. However, having looked closer on the legislation, the simple truth is there is not much difference in merit involving the Fixed tenancy agreement plus the Periodic AST, Assured Shorthold Tenancy Agreement. The fixed term tenancy gets the advantage to the landlord plus the tenant of implying certainty with respect of occupation dates. However, in the two caser the landlord continues to have to give 2 months notice (s.21) to your tenant and cannot obtain possession (before half a year of the tenancy agreement has elapsed) in addition to by satisfying certain on the prescribed grounds. Many landlords believe that obtaining the tenancy agreement even slightly wrong or granting the tenancy incorrectly has potentially dire consequences for obtaining possession. Some of these concerns are fuelled by professionals for example lawyers and letting agents that have an interest in helping you get to use their services or their very cost-effective ‘tenancy agreements’.

Don’t be complacent!

This problem is no longer valid. A residential tenancy ever since the introduction with the 1996 Housing Act has become assumed to become an Assured Shorthold Tenancy Agreement (AST) therefore the worry you will end up with an Assured Tenant by chance has gone. The bottom line is that legally you may get your property back after few months by giving the tenant eight weeks notice (providing needless to say you hadn’t granted them a lengthier tenancy) Having said all that; avoid getting complacent. The law is about detail and procedures. Whilst as an alternative if you get these wrong it certainly won’t be catastrophic; any subsequent action it is more difficult and expensive. Therefore, i suggest you ensure that you understand the legislation and that you obtain it right.

How long should I grant a tenancy for?

Assuming you go for just a fixed term tenancy agreement. In my experience most landlords do; nearly all Assured Shorthold Tenancy Agreemnts (AST’s ) being for periods which can be between 6-1 year. I would recommend few months, particularly in the event the tenants are not used to you. This way it really is easier to ‘get them out’ if problems arise. There may be some advantages to a lengthier let, say yr where the property is being managed. This is because the agent could charge a fee a fee for renewing the tenancy agreement. It is also possible to draw in up a tenancy agreement longer or shorter periods; however you’ll find implications in the two caser.

If the tenancy agreement was for substantially more than a year along with the tenant remains to get a long period. Unless specific steps are taken up increase the rent, it’ll fall below the market industry level which generally increases due to inflation and rental growth. If you wish to let for just a shorter period, including three months, bear in mind; under an Assured Shorthold Tenancy (AST) the courts cannot order possession to adopt effect until after few months from the start from the tenancy. It could therefore be nearly a year after the end in the fixed term when you finally get possession. This however won’t preclude possession being sought about the following prescribed grounds – 2,8,10-15 or 17 – provided that the terms from the tenancy agreement makes provision for it being ended on some of these grounds.

Alternatively when you have no fixed time when you need possession, it is possible to let over a Periodic Tenancy Agreement. This can be either weekly or monthly and should be on from period to period, unless either the landlord or tenant serves notice to take it to an end.

Format of Writing Memorandum of Agreement

What is a Memorandum of Understanding?

Traditionally a memorandum would have been a short, semi-formal document utilized to transmit messages in the organisation. Memoranda were employed to document agreements (understandings) between internal departments, work units and folks and thus the memorandum that documented these “understandings” became a “Memorandum of Understanding” or MOU. Eventually usage widened to also encompass organisations and folks outside the originating organisation. Today MOUs are generally formatted as letters, memos and also other documents.

Irrespective of how they’re formatted, MOUs should detail the agreement between individuals or organisations (or perhaps countries) succinctly as well as in unambiguous terms. Each partner on the agreement would need to sign indicating agreement.

Why are MOUs Important?

Here’s one particualr situation when an MOU might have saved your day. An infection control conference have been organised also it ran for three days. A conference organiser was hired using a friend of mine who had previously been primarily in charge of organising the conference, but no written agreement between two existed. The second day to the conference there would be a dispute between my pal and the conference organiser about whose responsibility it turned out to collect payment from conference attendees who desired to visit local attractions; my buddy said the conference organiser had verbally accepted do it; the conference organiser stated it was my buddy’s responsibility and had made no such agreement.
Eventually, one of many members in the organising committee collected and banked the funds and coordinated visits to tourist spots about town.

This was a special event on which an MOU could have prevented a dispute. By referring on the MOU, both parties might have known what exactly was, or hasn’t been their responsibility.

How to create an MOU

Usually a synopsis at the beginning in the MOU to line the scene is necessary and then just use two other paragraphs titled something similar to “What We Will Do” and “What You Will Do”. Like this:

“I reference our discussions wherein you consented to provide team building events training to staff on the Nhulunbuy office in the agency. Our respective responsibilities are detailed below:

What We Will Do

The agency provides:

a conference room with white board, overhead projector and seating for 20 people
mixed sandwiches, tea, coffee and veggie juice refreshments for lunch for attendees and instructors
a payment of $12,345.00 including services and goods tax for your requirements by electronic transfer within 14 days from the program closure
instructional materials approximately 100 pages for every single attendee

What you may Do

We will supply:

team building events training depending on our course outline, to 20 people on the Nhulunbuy office from the agency with an all inclusive expense of $12,345.00 including GST
submit our tax invoice within 2 days of course delivery
a work book titled, “Effective Team Building” to each and every student with an additional copy with the agency library

Please check out this MOU in case you agree on the responsibilities shown due to this agency and yours, please sign it and return the original to your agency.”

A genuine MOU could have had more pieces of both lists, but this provides you the general idea. Everything each signatory for the agreement is going to do is specified, usually in bulleted form.

Accessing the Terms

Once you could have your MOU available, signed by both (or all) parties, you can consider it whenever necessary either to refresh your memory about your obligations or even help resolve a dispute. If it’s in monochrome and you decided to it, then it is difficult to argue the contrary.

Obviously if you have a lot of money involved, or perhaps a project is complex, it’s appropriate to have a legal practitioner draft up a proper contract. For those activities however, whenever a contract is not required, an MOU might help reduce the chances of disputes or misunderstandings.